查看完整版本: 孕妇使用麻醉性镇痛药对母婴有何危害

孕妇使用麻醉性镇痛药对母婴有何危害

麻醉性镇痛药物主要有二类，一为阿片碱类镇痛药，主要有吗啡、可待因；二为人工合成镇痛药，主要有度冷丁、美散痛、镇痛新等。这类药物均可使孕妇产生药瘾，成瘾后通常伴有营养缺乏、行为异常，注射用药者有感染病毒或细菌的危险，因此其对母婴的危害是人所共知的。

吗啡是鸦片中的主要生物碱，有镇痛作用，一般皮下或肌肉注射容易吸收，即分布于全身，在肾、肝、脾、肺中浓度较高，可以通过胎盘进入胎儿体内。妊娠期滥用吗啡，不仅会使母亲成瘾，而且增加胎儿与新生儿的死亡率，以及新生儿出生后24～48小时内，有中枢神经系统兴奋症状，如肌张力增加，过度活动，吸吮动作不协调等。分娩时应用吗啡可引起新生儿呼吸抑制。

度冷丁为人工合成镇痛药。其镇痛作用比吗啡弱，成瘾性比吗啡轻，在医院几乎取代了吗啡在镇痛方面的应用，其不良反应与吗啡相似。妊娠时应用度冷丁，能迅速透过胎盘进入胎儿体内。如静脉注射后2分钟，即可在脐部血液中测出，经30分钟能在羊水中测出，如果分娩时应用此药，不改变子宫节律性收缩，对产妇子宫出血及复原也无不良作用，但可引起新生儿呼吸抑制，其抑制程度和用药剂量及时间有关。故分娩时应用度冷丁不能剂量过大，在短时间内能结束分娩者最好不用，以免引起新生儿呼吸抑制。

最近的证据表明，母亲在分娩时的紧张状态和胎儿窒息之间可能存在一定的关系。因此适时使用镇痛剂可以减轻产妇的疼痛与恐惧，对胎儿顺利娩出有一定的好作用。但过多的镇痛剂可使产程延长、产程停滞。因此，每一种药物对母婴都有其利弊。

总之，医生用于临床及孕产妇的镇痛药大都是必要的、安全的。但近年在我国吸食麻醉性毒品、致幻药人数正在逐年增加，其中也不乏孕前、孕期妇女，这不能不引起重视，因这关系到我国人口健康素质，影响优生优育，对下一代的智能素质是极大的潜在危险因素，妇女孕期若继续使用毒品如海洛因、可卡因、大麻制品、冰毒等可导致正在发育中的胎儿脑细胞受损、胎儿发育迟缓、胎儿活动减少、临产时胎儿窘迫、新生儿出生后呼吸抑制、新生儿戒断综合征，甚至造成围产儿死亡。因此，为提高人口质量，戒除毒品对人类的危害，首先应从孕期妇女开始。

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He encountered the time, she 32-year-old, now make divorce. Another new husband Huan, to be deliberately and her divorce. She cling to positions, Sibu concessions. World War II played Fengshengshuiqi divorce, her heart growing tired of vicissitudes. Although still looks beautiful, but also with his eyes can not hide the wrinkles.
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That night she did not quite Mian, the Commissioner of the phone, disconnect the phone, people are restless in the room to Zhuanyou. She looked at the cup and he used towels, kitchen he was the fumes from a cleaning machine, on the balcony of his species of aloe, he bought the sofa cushions, a variety of snack drawer of her…… Heart waves to twitch. She thought he accompany her through the darkest of those days, when he drunk hopeless eyes, when he happily pay first told her: You do not have to worry that I support you do not live…… she would like to, this child, Is really in love her. She would like to tomorrow to tell him: She agreed to marry him his. She found that the veterans, but wanted to test his……
Are still Nanmian, 2:00 midnight when suddenly a while her chest pain, no reason to panic. She instinctively think of him, playing his cell phone, is a call, dial, still in a call. She Guadiao phone, I suddenly remember to switch off their phones, just a start-up, the phone ring again. The other said: "I was the police, just in a car accident, personal alcohol after crossing the road, the car was killed. You are his friend it?…… This is his only save of the phone call, before death, he has been In a call…… "
The hands of the telephone "啪" to swap to the ground, she Fengliaoyiban into the site of the incident, the scene has been cleared, there are gloomy on the roads of blood. She squatted before the share of blood, heart, as was the same time. She did not know, the original love is so fragile, and can not stand some of the suspicion and neglect.
Yes, she would like to prove that he is the purity of her love, but she did not expect, the price actually so expensive. He used his live the life, love to do a price exceeds the Xindao another one from a distance of the heart.
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